Stressed by high voltage

How does an insulating liquid handle the stress of high voltage? Carl Wolmarans has looked at some of the issues facing designers of insulation systems for electrical equipment.

Carl Wolmarans

Development Engineer, Nynas

Carl has a degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. He joined Nynas in 2015.

How does an insulating liquid handle the stress of high voltage? Carl Wolmarans has looked at some of the issues facing designers of insulation systems for electrical equipment.

“It is still not well understood exactly which properties define an insulating liquid’s ability to withstand high voltage, and there is no robust model available for the breakdown processes in such liquids. However, the combination of well-established testing and consistency on the part of the oil manufacturers, and well established design rules on the part of the transformer manufacturers, is what ensures reliable performance,” says Carl Wolmarans, Development Engineer at Nynas.

Insulating liquids used in high voltage applications need to be able to withstand high voltage stresses. They should have high breakdown voltages for both power frequency and impulse conditions, as well as favourable partial discharge behaviour. It is also important to ensure that the liquid maintains its insulating properties over time, and that it is not too adversely affected by ageing processes such as oxidation, hydrolysis and thermal decomposition.

“There are many things to consider when designing an insulation system, and when choosing the best possible insulating fluid,” says Carl Wolmarans.

Compatibility with other materials in the insulating system and with design features such as barriers and partitions is also vital.

“Common electric parameters such as the dielectric dissipation factor and standard breakdown voltage tests are invaluable for checking the condition of the liquid before it is added to a transformer – but they do not deeply reveal the intrinsic insulating capability of the liquid,” states Wolmarans.

Streamers matter

Breakdown in liquids is generally accepted to be due to the progressive formation of gaseous ionised channels, called streamers. The propagation of streamers and other pre-breakdown phenomena are currently the focus for intensive research by many institutions.

Streamers are characterised by the voltage at which they start to appear, and by how they propagate in terms of speed and degree of branching. The speed of propagation usually increases gradually, until the voltage reaches a critical point, known as “acceleration voltage”, where the speed increases rapidly, resulting in a “fast” streamer.

Recent studies have shown that esters have a lower acceleration voltage than typical mineral based insulating oils. In an insulation system the onset of fast streamers can lead to a situation where the probability of partial discharge and breakdown is considerably higher than may be expected – this is an area of ongoing research interest.

Further reading

Extreme tension demands superior oil

What makes an oil suitable for use in ultra-high voltage electrical equipment? Having the superior properties associated with the Super Grade is essential. Jayme Nunes explains why.

Outperforming new specifications

As the electrical industry standard is updated to reflect market changes, Nynas is displaying its strong leadership and broad range of high performance transformer fluids, including the new bio-based NYTRO® BIO 300X.

Solving a transformer leak mystery

Retro-filling with gas-to-liquids (GTL) oil might cause problems with leaks in transformers previously filled with naphthenic oil. That is what Nynas scientists found when conducting an investigative study following customer reports about transformer leaks.

THERE IS MORE TO US THAN THIS

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 Stéphanie Ly

Stéphanie Ly

Customer Service Executive

 Christine Le Garrec

Christine Le Garrec

Customer Service Coordinator

Sheilo Mienandi

Sheilo Mienandi

Customer Service Coordinator

 Paul Bester

Paul Bester

Channel Manager CEETMEIA

 Sameen Kadli

Sameen Kadli

Customer Service Executive

 Sibala Libish Kumar

Sibala Libish Kumar

Customer Service Executive

 Jason Wong

Jason Wong

APAC Regional Director

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

David Barnett

David Barnett

Sales Manager

 Melissa Hill

Melissa Hill

Sales Representative

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

 Jason Wong

Jason Wong

APAC Regional Director

Lawrence Teo

Lawrence Teo

Area Sales Manager Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh

 Georgina Ng

Georgina Ng

Customer Service Executive

David Barnett

David Barnett

Sales Manager

 Melissa Hill

Melissa Hill

Sales Representative

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator

 Marcela Tocelis

Marcela Tocelis

Sales Manager / Acting General Manager

 Martin Vergara

Martin Vergara

Customer Service Executive

 Juan Pablo Pace

Juan Pablo Pace

Customer Service Coordinator

Eric Alfosea

Eric Alfosea

Sales Manager France

 Meriam Gourine

Meriam Gourine

Sales Executive

 Stéphanie Ly

Stéphanie Ly

Customer Service Executive

 Christine Le Garrec

Christine Le Garrec

Customer Service Coordinator

Sheilo Mienandi

Sheilo Mienandi

Customer Service Coordinator

Emil Cuculayef

Emil Cuculayef

Sales Executive

 Banu Kibar

Banu Kibar

Customer Service Coordinator

David Barnett

David Barnett

Sales Manager

 Melissa Hill

Melissa Hill

Sales Representative

 Samantha Moodley

Samantha Moodley

Customer Service Executive

Lee Anne Williams

Lee Anne Williams

Customer Service Coordinator